注意
前往結尾以下載完整的範例程式碼。
使用矩形和多邊形集合建立直方圖#
使用路徑修補程式繪製矩形。
使用大量 Rectangle
實例的技術,或使用 PolyCollection
的更快方法,是在我們於 Matplotlib 中擁有具有 moveto、lineto、closepoly 等的適當路徑之前實作的。現在我們有了它們,我們可以更有效率地使用 PathCollection 繪製具有同質屬性的規則形狀物件集合。此範例製作直方圖 -- 一開始設定頂點陣列會比較費工,但對於大量物件而言應該會快得多。
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.patches as patches
import matplotlib.path as path
np.random.seed(19680801) # Fixing random state for reproducibility
# histogram our data with numpy
data = np.random.randn(1000)
n, bins = np.histogram(data, 50)
# get the corners of the rectangles for the histogram
left = bins[:-1]
right = bins[1:]
bottom = np.zeros(len(left))
top = bottom + n
# we need a (numrects x numsides x 2) numpy array for the path helper
# function to build a compound path
XY = np.array([[left, left, right, right], [bottom, top, top, bottom]]).T
# get the Path object
barpath = path.Path.make_compound_path_from_polys(XY)
# make a patch out of it, don't add a margin at y=0
patch = patches.PathPatch(barpath)
patch.sticky_edges.y[:] = [0]
fig, ax = plt.subplots()
ax.add_patch(patch)
ax.autoscale_view()
plt.show()

我們可以不用建立三維陣列並使用 make_compound_path_from_polys
,而是可以直接使用頂點和程式碼建立複合路徑,如下所示
nrects = len(left)
nverts = nrects*(1+3+1)
verts = np.zeros((nverts, 2))
codes = np.ones(nverts, int) * path.Path.LINETO
codes[0::5] = path.Path.MOVETO
codes[4::5] = path.Path.CLOSEPOLY
verts[0::5, 0] = left
verts[0::5, 1] = bottom
verts[1::5, 0] = left
verts[1::5, 1] = top
verts[2::5, 0] = right
verts[2::5, 1] = top
verts[3::5, 0] = right
verts[3::5, 1] = bottom
barpath = path.Path(verts, codes)
# make a patch out of it, don't add a margin at y=0
patch = patches.PathPatch(barpath)
patch.sticky_edges.y[:] = [0]
fig, ax = plt.subplots()
ax.add_patch(patch)
ax.autoscale_view()
plt.show()

參考資料
此範例中顯示了以下函數、方法、類別和模組的使用方式
此範例顯示了以下項目的替代方案